N. Hadi; F. Sefidkon; A. Shojaeiyan; A.A. Jafari
Abstract
The genus Nepeta is one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family, and Iran, particularly, is one of the main centers of origin of this genus. Nepetalactones and flavonoids were reported as major constituents of Nepeta species, and the main cause of their medicinal value and biological properties. ...
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The genus Nepeta is one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family, and Iran, particularly, is one of the main centers of origin of this genus. Nepetalactones and flavonoids were reported as major constituents of Nepeta species, and the main cause of their medicinal value and biological properties. There are lots of reports related to biological activities of secondary metabolites of genus Nepeta showing the importance of this genus. In this work, the essential oil (EO) diversity of 21 wild populations from Nepeta kotschyi Boiss., Iranian endemic species, was investigated. For removing the environmental effect, the seeds of populations were planted in one place. Plant aerial parts were harvested at full flowering stage, and after shade-drying, their EO was extracted by hydrodistillation method. EO was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by GC and GC/MS. After botanical study and EO analysis, it was revealed that the populations were from two different varieties. Two populations including buyer-ahmad1 and Buyer-Ahmad2, were from N. kotschyi var. kotschyi, and others were stood in N. kotschyi var. persica. Twenty-four components were characterized in the EO of N. kotschyi. The highest amount of EO yield (w/w) was obtained in populations of var. kotschyi (0.5-0.7%). Three main chemotypes were identified among populations of var. persica based on the main component(s) of EO, including a containing NepI (4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone), b containing NepII (4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone) and cubenol, and c containing geranyl acetate and cubenol. Except of semirom and Taft5 which were stood in b-chemotype, and Taft4 which was placed in c-chemotype, other populations of var. persica, also populations of var. kotschyi, were stood in a-chemotype. In addition, based on the main component of EO, the populations of var. kotschyi were put in a-chemotype. In a-chemotype, the amount of NepI was obtained between %53.9 (Chelgard) and %84.8 (Buyer-Ahmad2), and NepII was measured between %1 (Taft1) and %13.7 (Chelgard). In b-chemotype, the amount of NepI was measured between %0.3 (Taft5) and %4.9 (Semirom), and NepII was obtained between %13.4 (Taft5) and 44.7% (Semirom). NepIII (4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone) (1.3-3.3%) was characterized only in the EO of var. Kotschyi populations.
M. Mirzaei; N. Ahmadi; F. Sefidkon; A. Shojaeiyan; A. Mazaheri
Abstract
Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is one of economically important species of the Rosaceaefamily for production of rose oil and rose water. High respiration rate of harvested flowers resulting from increasing temperature inside the stacks of flowers causes a reduction in the quantity and quality of ...
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Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is one of economically important species of the Rosaceaefamily for production of rose oil and rose water. High respiration rate of harvested flowers resulting from increasing temperature inside the stacks of flowers causes a reduction in the quantity and quality of essential oil. In order to study the effects of different storage conditions on essential oil yield and composition, we conducted a factorial analysis based on completely randomized design with three replications and factors of storage durations, temperatures, and incubation conditions. In addition, the effects of different duration of distillation process were investigated using a completely randomized design experiment in three replications by considering quality and quantity of extracted essential oils. Identification of chemical compositions of essential oils was performed by GC and GC/MS. The results indicated that the storage of Damask rose petals in water at 4°C, especially for 48 hours, resulted in a good amount of essential oil content as well as compositions compared to the other storage methods and even fresh petals, distillated just after harvesting. Moreover, the essential oil content increased by increasing the duration of distillation, so that a distillation time of 3 hours and 3.5 hours was identified as the best time for the oil extraction process in terms of yield and essential oil compounds.